Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet I (Gilgamesh and the creation of Enkidu): tablet K.2756.D
Introduction
Tablet I of the Epic of Gilgamesh (Standard Babylonian version, attributed to Sin-leqi-unninni) as it survives on one physical object: British Museum tablet K.2756.D (K.2756D + K.20778 (joined)), excavated at Nineveh from the library of Ashurbanipal (7th c. BCE). It is manuscript F₁ in A. R. George's 2003 edition. The photograph is the British Museum's, showing the inscribed face(s) and edges; column(s) iv, v are preserved (44 lines).
Three criteria are met for every section:
- Manuscript scan: the British Museum photograph of K.2756.D itself (served by the Electronic Babylonian Library, LMU Munich). Each section names the column and face (obverse = columns i-iii, reverse = columns iv-vi) and the tablet's own line numbers, so the reader can find the lines on the photograph.
- Original text: the eBL manuscript-level ATF transliteration of the signs on this tablet (not the composite text). Brackets [ ] mark broken signs, x an illegible sign, # a damaged sign. Superscript numbers are the modern line numbers of George 2003 / eBL.
- Public-domain English: R. Campbell Thompson, The Epic of Gilgamish (London, 1928), verbatim, with his marginal line numbers as T n.
On line numbers. Thompson's 1928 numbering is not George's. For Tablet I the eBL edition records Thompson's 1930 column/line number for each modern line, and that concordance is used here. Where the tablet's text begins or ends inside a Thompson block, the whole block is given and the section says so. Thompson's readings reflect the state of knowledge in 1928: modern editions (George 2003; the eBL edition, updated continuously) supersede him and are not public domain, so they are not reproduced here beyond the transliteration of this tablet's signs.
How was this verified? (Provenance)
178[an-nu]-u₂ [x x x x x x x x x x x x x]
179u[r-k]a pi-[te-ma x x x x x x]
T iv 5Drank he his fill , with the beasts did his heart delight at the water,
So beheld him the courtesan-girl, the lusty great fellow,
(O but) a monster (all) savage from out of the depths of the desert!
"’Tis he, O girl! O, discover thy beauty, thy comeliness shew (him),
Thompson's numbered block(s) extend before the lines preserved on this tablet; the whole block is given so that no English line is cut mid-block.
180e taš-hu-t[i x x x x x x]
181im-mar-k[i-ma x x x x x x x x x x]
182lu-bu-ši#-k[i x x x x x x x x x x]
183ep-ši-šu-[ma x x x x x x x x]
184i-nak-kir-š[u x x x x x x x x x]
185da#-d[u-šu₂ x x x x x x x x]
186[ur]-tam?#-mi?# [x x x x x x]
187[x x x x x x x x x x x x x]
188ul iš#-hu-ut [x x x x x x]
189lu#-bu#-ši-ša? [x x x x x x x x]
190{(10)} i#-pu#-us#-su#-ma# [x x x x x x x x]
T iv 10So that thy loveliness he may possess—(O), in no wise be bashful,
Ravish the soul of him—(certes), as soon as his eye on thee falleth,
He, forsooth, will approach thee, and thou—O, loosen thy mantle,
So that he clasp thee, and (then) with the wiles of a woman shalt ply him;
(Wherefore) his animals, bred in his desert, will (straightway) deny him,
T iv 15(Since) to his breast he hath held thee."
The girl, displaying her bosom,
Shew’d him her comeliness, (yea) so that he of her beauty possess’d him,
Bashful she was not, (but) ravish’d the soul of him, loosing her mantle,
So that he clasp’d her, (and then) with the wiles of a woman she plied him,
191da#-du-šu [x x x x x x]
1926# ur-ri u₃ 7# GI₆#-MEŠ {d}e[n-ki-du₃ x x x x x]
193ul-tu iš-bu-[u x x x]
194pa-ni-šu iš-ta-ka[n x x x x x]
195i-mu-ra-šu-ma {d}en-ki-du₃ [x x x]
196bu-ul EDIN# it-ti-si [x x x]
197ul-tah-hi {d}en-ki-du₃ [x x x x x x]
198it-ta-ziz-za bir-ka#-a#-š[u x x x x x x x]
199um-ta-aṭ-ṭu {d}en-k[i-du₃ x x x x x x x x x x]
200{(10)} u₃ šu-u₂ i-ši u[z-na x x x x x x]
T iv 20Holding her unto his breast.
(’Twas thus that) Enkidu dallied
Six days, (aye) seven nights, with the courtesan-girl in his mating.
(How Enkidu was inveigled into Erech to fight with Gilgamish).
Sated at length with her charms, he turn’d his face to his cattle,
O the gazelles, (how) they scamper’d away, as soon as they saw him!
T iv 25Him, yea, Enkidu,—fled from his presence the beasts of the desert!
Enkidu losing his innocence —so, when the cattle fled from him,
Failed his knees, and he slack’d in his running, (not) as aforetime:
Natheless he (thus) hath attain’d his full growth and hath broaden’d (his) wisdom.
201i-tu-{+ra}ram-mu i[t-ta-šab x x x x x x]
202{munus}ha-rim-tu₄ [x x x x x x x x]
203u₃ ša₂!?# {munus#}h[a-rim-ti x x x x x x x x x x x]
T iv 30Sat he again at the feet of the woman, the woman his features
Scanning, and, while she was speaking, his ears heard (the words) she was saying:
"Comely thou art, e’en like to a god, O Enkidu, shalt be,
Thompson's numbered block(s) extend after the lines preserved on this tablet; the whole block is given so that no English line is cut mid-block.
240[x x x x x x x x x x x x x x u₂-zu-un]-šu₂
241[x x x x x x x ša₂-di-im-m]a
242[x x x x x x x x x x x x x šu-na-te-k]a
243[x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x AMA]-šu₂#
250[x x x x x x x x muh]-hi#-šu
251[x x x x x x x x x x]
252[x x x x x x] UGU-šu
253[x x x x x x x x x x x GIR₃]-MEŠ-šu
254[x x x x x x x x x x a]h-bu-ub
255[x x x x x x x x x x x x x]
256[x x x x x x x x it-ti]-ia
T v 20Enkidu, temper thine arrogance—Gilgamish, loveth him Shamash,
Anu, (and) Enlil , and Ea have dower’d his wisdom with largesse.
(How Gilgamish dreamt of Enkidu).
(Sooth), or ever from out of thy mountains thou camest, in Erech
T v 25Gilgamish thee had beheld in a dream; so, Gilgamish coming
Spake to his mother, the dream to reveal.
'O my mother, a vision
Which I beheld in my night-time. (Behold), there were stars of the heavens,
When something like unto Anu's own self fell down on my shoulders,
T v 30(Ah, though) I heaved him, he was o’erstrong for me, (and though) his grapple
Loosed I, I was unable to shake him (from off me): (and now, all the meanwhile),
People from Erech were standing about [him , the] artisans [pressing].
T v 35On [him behind], (while) throng’d him [the heroes]; my (very) companions
Kissing [his] feet; [I, I to my breast] like a woman did hold him,
(Then) [I] presented him low at [thy] feet, [that] as mine own equal.
[Thou] might’st account him.'
[She] who knoweth all wisdom (thus) to her Seigneur she answer’d,
Thompson's numbered block(s) extend before and after the lines preserved on this tablet; the whole block is given so that no English line is cut mid-block.
258[x x x x x x x x x x x x ka-la]-ma i-de | [x x x x] {d}GIŠ-gim₂-maš
259[x x x x x x] AN-e
260[x x x x x x x x x x x x x U]GU EDIN-ka
261[x x x x x x] UGU-ka
262[x x x x x x ul te-le]-ʾ-a nu-us-su
263[x x x x x x x x x x ša]p-li-ia
264[x x x x x x x x x it-t]i-ka#
T v 40[She] who knoweth all wisdom, to Gilgamish (thus) did she answer:
'(Lo), by the stars of the heavens are represented thy [comrades],
[That which was like unto] Anu's [own self], which fell on thy shoulders,
[Which thou didst heave, but he was, o’erstrong for thee, [(aye), though his grapple
Thou didst unloose], but to shake him from off thee thou wert [un] able,
T v 45[So didst present] him low at my feet, [that] as thine own equal
[I might] account him—[and thou to thy breast like a woman] didst hold him:
Thompson's numbered block(s) extend after the lines preserved on this tablet; the whole block is given so that no English line is cut mid-block.
Cite
Source & Cross-References
- Source text: British Museum K.2756.D photograph via eBL + eBL manuscript ATF (L.1.4 SB I) + R. Campbell Thompson 1928 — view original
- Critical edition: Electronic Babylonian Library manuscript transliteration (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
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