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Isaiah, Chapter 1 (Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a)

Isaiah, Chapter 1 (Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a)
Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a (c. 125 BCE, Israel Museum),
Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsa-a: Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph (Wikimedia Commons, PD) + ETCBC dss transcription (Abegg; CC BY-NC 4.0) + KJV (bible-api.com) · ETCBC Dead Sea Scrolls transcription (Abegg data, CC BY-NC 4.0)

Introduction

Isaiah 1 from the Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa), the complete copy of Isaiah found in Cave 1 at Qumran in 1947 and now in the Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Copied around 125 BCE, it is roughly a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex, the oldest complete Masoretic manuscript. This chapter stands in col. I (1), col. II (2) of the scroll's 54 columns.

  1. Scan: each section is shown with the actual column of the scroll that carries it, cropped from the Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph of the whole scroll published on Wikimedia Commons (public domain). The column for every verse comes from the transcription itself, which records the column and line of each word.
  2. Hebrew: the scroll's own text, verbatim from the ETCBC dss Text-Fabric dataset (Jacobs, Naaijer and Roorda, from Martin G. Abegg Jr.'s transcription; CC BY-NC 4.0). This is not the Masoretic text: 1QIsaa uses a fuller spelling (for example לוא for לא, כיא for כי) and differs from the Masoretic text in a number of readings. No vowel points exist in the scroll and none are added. Marks: ⟨x⟩ letters the scribe added above the line, [x] modern reconstruction of text lost to damage, {{x}} letters cancelled by an ancient scribe, ⟪x⟫ an ancient correction, a dot under a letter (x̣) an uncertain reading, ···· four dots written in place of the divine name (Tetrapuncta).
  3. English: the King James Version (1611, public domain), verbatim from bible-api.com. The KJV translates the Masoretic text, so where the scroll reads differently the English will not match the Hebrew shown; the scroll's reading can be checked on the column image.
How was this verified? (Provenance)
Manuscript: Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a (c. 125 BCE, Israel Museum) — page scan from Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsa-a: Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph (Wikimedia Commons, PD) + ETCBC dss transcription (Abegg; CC BY-NC 4.0) + KJV (bible-api.com).
Original text: ETCBC Dead Sea Scrolls transcription (Abegg data, CC BY-NC 4.0) (public domain).
English translation: King James Version (1611) (public domain).
Verify: The scan image is the physical evidence. The original-language text is verifiable against the scan. The English translation is checkable against the original. Click any Greek, Hebrew, or Latin word for morphological analysis.
Challenge: Submit a correction to contact@theosislibrary.com.
Hebrew (1QIsa-a transcription) / English (KJV) original and English translation, with manuscript scans.
§1.1-8 · Isaiah 1:1-8 (1QIsa-a col. I lines 1-10)
Manuscript
Scan 1qisaa/1qisaa-col-01.jpg
Hebrew · 1QIsa-a transcription

1חזון יש⟨ע⟩יהו בן אמוץ אשר חזה על יהודה וירושלם בי⟨ו⟩מי עוזיה יותם אחז ⟨י⟩חזקיה מלכי יהודה 2שמעו שמים והאזיני הארץ כיא יהוה דבר בנים גדלתי ורו⟨מ⟩מת[י] והמה פשעו בי 3ידע שור קונ⟨י⟩הו וחמור אבוס בעליו ישראל לוא ידע ועמי לוא ה̣ת̣[ב]ו̣נן 4הוי גוי חוטה עמ כבד עוון זרע מרעים בנים משחיתים עזבו את יהו( ה ) נאצו את קדוש ישראל נזרו אחור 5על מה תכו עוד̣ תוסיפו סרה כול ראוש לחולי ו̣כול לבב דוה 6מכפ רגל ועד רואש אין בו מתם פצע וחבורה̣ ומכה טריה לוא זרו ולוא חובשו ולוא רככה בשםן 7ארצכם שממה עריכם שרופות אש אדמתכם לנגדכם זרים אוכלים אותה ושממו עליה כמ⟨א⟩פכת ז̣ר̣ים 8ו̣נתרת בת ציון כסוכה בכרם וכמלונה במקשה כעיר נצור̣ה

English · King James Version (1611)

1The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. 2Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth: for the LORD hath spoken, I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me. 3The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master’s crib: but Israel doth not know, my people doth not consider. 4Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evildoers, children that are corrupters: they have forsaken the LORD, they have provoked the Holy One of Israel unto anger, they are gone away backward. 5Why should ye be stricken any more? ye will revolt more and more: the whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint. 6From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores: they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment. 7Your country is desolate, your cities are burned with fire: your land, strangers devour it in your presence, and it is desolate, as overthrown by strangers. 8And the daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city.

§1.9-16 · Isaiah 1:9-16 (1QIsa-a col. I lines 10-19)
Manuscript
Scan 1qisaa/1qisaa-col-01.jpg
Hebrew · 1QIsa-a transcription

9לולי יהוה צבאות הותיר לנו שריד כמעט כסודם היינו לעומרה דמינו 10ש̣מע̣ו̣ ד̣ב̣ר̣ יהוה קציני סודם ואזינו תו̣ר̣ת̣ אלוהינו עמ עומר̣ה 11ל̣מ̣ה לי ר̣וב זבחיכם יואמר יהוה שבעתי עולו̣ת אילים וחלב מריאים ודמ פרים וכבשים ועתודים לוא חפצתי 12כיא תבאו לראות פני מ̣י בקש זו⟨א⟩ת מ̣ידכם לרמוס חצ̣רי 13לוא תוסיפו להביא מ̣נחת שוא קטרת̣ תועבה היא לי חודש ושבת קרא מקרא לוא אוכל און ועצרתה 14חודשיכם ומועדיכם שנאה נפשי היו עלי לטרח נלאיתי נשוא 15ובפרשכם כפיכם אעלים עיני מכם גמ כי ה̣רבו תפלה אינני שומע ידיכמה דמים מלאו אצבעותיכם בעאון 16רחצו והזכו והסירו רוע מעלליכם מנגד̣ עיני חדלו הרע

English · King James Version (1611)

9Except the LORD of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, and we should have been like unto Gomorrah. 10Hear the word of the LORD, ye rulers of Sodom; give ear unto the law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah. 11To what purpose is the multitude of your sacrifices unto me? saith the LORD: I am full of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he goats. 12When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at your hand, to tread my courts? 13Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination unto me; the new moons and sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting. 14Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them. 15And when ye spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from you: yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands are full of blood. 16Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil;

§1.17-24 · Isaiah 1:17-24 (1QIsa-a col. I lines 19-28)
Manuscript
Scan 1qisaa/1qisaa-col-01.jpg
Hebrew · 1QIsa-a transcription

17למדו היטיב דרושו משפט אשרו חמוץ שפטו יאתום ריבו אלמנה 18לכו נ̣[א] ונוכחה יואמר יהוה אמ יהיו חטאיכם כשני כשלג ילבינו אמ יד̣ומו כתולע{{ת}} כצמר יהיו 19אמ תאבו ושמעתם טוב ה̣ארץ̣[תאכ]ל̣[ו] 20ו̣אמ תמאנו ומריתם בחרב תאכלו כיא פי יהוה דבר 21היכה הייתה לז⟨ו⟩נה קר̣יה נאמנה מלאתי משפט צד̣ק ילין̣[בה ועתה] מ̣ר̣צחים 22כספך היו לסו̣גים סבאך מהול במים 23שריכ̣י ס̣[וררים וחברי] גנבים כולם אוהבי שוחד רודפי שלמונים יאתום לוא ישפ̣[טו וריב] אלמנה לוא יבוא אליהם 24לכן נאום האדון יהוה צבאות [אביר ישראל] הוה אנחם מצריו̣ ואנקם מ⟨ה⟩איבו

English · King James Version (1611)

17Learn to do well; seek judgment, relieve the oppressed, judge the fatherless, plead for the widow. 18Come now, and let us reason together, saith the LORD: though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool. 19If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land: 20But if ye refuse and rebel, ye shall be devoured with the sword: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it. 21How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers. 22Thy silver is become dross, thy wine mixed with water: 23Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves: every one loveth gifts, and followeth after rewards: they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them. 24Therefore saith the Lord, the LORD of hosts, the mighty One of Israel, Ah, I will ease me of mine adversaries, and avenge me of mine enemies:

§1.25-31 · Isaiah 1:25-31 (1QIsa-a col. I lines 28-29; col. II lines 1-6)
Manuscript
Scan 1qisaa/1qisaa-col-01.jpg Scan 1qisaa/1qisaa-col-02.jpg
Hebrew · 1QIsa-a transcription

25והשיב ידי עליך ואצ̣[רף כבר] סו̣גיך ואסיר̣ כול בדיליך 26ואשיבה שופטיך כבראישונ̣ה̣[ויעציך] כבתחלה אחרי כן יקראו לך עיר הצדק קריה נאמנה 27ציון במשפט תפדה ושביה בצדקה 28ושבר פושעים וחטאים יחדו ועוזבי יהוה יכלו 29כיא יבושו מאלים אשר חמדתם ותחפורו מהגנ̣ות אשר בחרתם 30כי תהיו כאלה נובלת עלה וכגנה אשר אין מימ לה 31והיה החסנכם לנעורת ופעלכם לניצוץ ובערו שניהם יחדו ואין מכבה

English · King James Version (1611)

25And I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin: 26And I will restore thy judges as at the first, and thy counsellors as at the beginning: afterward thou shalt be called, The city of righteousness, the faithful city. 27Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and her converts with righteousness. 28And the destruction of the transgressors and of the sinners shall be together, and they that forsake the LORD shall be consumed. 29For they shall be ashamed of the oaks which ye have desired, and ye shall be confounded for the gardens that ye have chosen. 30For ye shall be as an oak whose leaf fadeth, and as a garden that hath no water. 31And the strong shall be as tow, and the maker of it as a spark, and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench them.

Cite

Source & Cross-References

  • Source text: Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsa-a: Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph (Wikimedia Commons, PD) + ETCBC dss transcription (Abegg; CC BY-NC 4.0) + KJV (bible-api.com) — view original
  • Critical edition: ETCBC Dead Sea Scrolls transcription (Abegg data, CC BY-NC 4.0)

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