Isaiah, Chapter 10 (Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a)
Introduction
Isaiah 10 from the Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa), the complete copy of Isaiah found in Cave 1 at Qumran in 1947 and now in the Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Copied around 125 BCE, it is roughly a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex, the oldest complete Masoretic manuscript. This chapter stands in col. IX (9), col. X (10) of the scroll's 54 columns.
- Scan: each section is shown with the actual column of the scroll that carries it, cropped from the Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph of the whole scroll published on Wikimedia Commons (public domain). The column for every verse comes from the transcription itself, which records the column and line of each word.
- Hebrew: the scroll's own text, verbatim from the ETCBC dss Text-Fabric dataset (Jacobs, Naaijer and Roorda, from Martin G. Abegg Jr.'s transcription; CC BY-NC 4.0). This is not the Masoretic text: 1QIsaa uses a fuller spelling (for example לוא for לא, כיא for כי) and differs from the Masoretic text in a number of readings. No vowel points exist in the scroll and none are added. Marks: ⟨x⟩ letters the scribe added above the line, [x] modern reconstruction of text lost to damage, {{x}} letters cancelled by an ancient scribe, ⟪x⟫ an ancient correction, a dot under a letter (x̣) an uncertain reading, ···· four dots written in place of the divine name (Tetrapuncta).
- English: the King James Version (1611, public domain), verbatim from bible-api.com. The KJV translates the Masoretic text, so where the scroll reads differently the English will not match the Hebrew shown; the scroll's reading can be checked on the column image.
How was this verified? (Provenance)
1הוי חוקקים חוקקי און ומכתבים עמל כתבו 2להטות מדין דלים ולגזול משפט עניי עמי להיות אלמנות שללם ואת יתומים יבוזו 3ומה תעשו ליום פקודה ולשאה ממרחק תבוא על מי תנוסו לעזרה ואנה תעזובו כבודכם 4בלתי כרע תחת אסור ותחת הרו̣גים יפלו ובכול זואת לוא שב אפו ועוד ידיו נטויה 5הוי אשור שבט אפי ומטה הוא בידם זעמי 6בגוי חנפ אשלחנו ועל עמ עברתי אצונו לשלול שלל ולבז בז ולשום מרמס כחמר חוצות 7והוא לוא כן ידמה ולבבו לוא כן יחשוב כיא להשמיד בלבבו ולהכרית גואים לוא מעט
1Woe unto them that decree unrighteous decrees, and that write grievousness which they have prescribed; 2To turn aside the needy from judgment, and to take away the right from the poor of my people, that widows may be their prey, and that they may rob the fatherless! 3And what will ye do in the day of visitation, and in the desolation which shall come from far? to whom will ye flee for help? and where will ye leave your glory? 4Without me they shall bow down under the prisoners, and they shall fall under the slain. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still. 5O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger, and the staff in their hand is mine indignation. 6I will send him against an hypocritical nation, and against the people of my wrath will I give him a charge, to take the spoil, and to take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets. 7Howbeit he meaneth not so, neither doth his heart think so; but it is in his heart to destroy and cut off nations not a few.
8כיא יואמר הלוא שרי יחדו מלכים 9הלוא ככרכמיש כלנו אמ לוא כארפד ח̣מת אמ לוא כדרמשק שומרון 10כאשר מצאה ידי לממלכות האלילים ופסיליהם מירושלים ומשומרון 11הלוא כאשר ע̣שיתי לשומרון ולאלי̣ליה כן אעשה לירושלים ולעצביה 12כי יבצע אדוני את כול מעשו̣הי בהר ציון ובירושלים אפקוד על פרי גודל לבב מלך אשור ועל תפארת רום עיניו 13כי יואמר בכוח ידי עשיתי ובחכמתי כ̣י̣ נ̣בו̣נות̣י ו̣אס⟨י⟩ר גבלות עמים ועתידותיהמה ש̣ו̣שיתי ואור̣יד יוש]ב̣ים 14ותמצא כקן ידי לחיל העמים וכ̣אסוף בצים [עזבות כול הא]ר̣ץ אני אספתי ולוא היה נודד כנפ ופוצה פה ומצפצף
8For he saith, Are not my princes altogether kings? 9Is not Calno as Carchemish? is not Hamath as Arpad? is not Samaria as Damascus? 10As my hand hath found the kingdoms of the idols, and whose graven images did excel them of Jerusalem and of Samaria; 11Shall I not, as I have done unto Samaria and her idols, so do to Jerusalem and her idols? 12Wherefore it shall come to pass, that when the Lord hath performed his whole work upon mount Zion and on Jerusalem, I will punish the fruit of the stout heart of the king of Assyria, and the glory of his high looks. 13For he saith, By the strength of my hand I have done it, and by my wisdom; for I am prudent: and I have removed the bounds of the people, and have robbed their treasures, and I have put down the inhabitants like a valiant man: 14And my hand hath found as a nest the riches of the people: and as one gathereth eggs that are left, have I gathered all the earth; and there was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or peeped.
15היתפאר הגרזן על החוצב בו אמ יתגדל המשור על מני פיו כהניף שבט את מרימיו כהרים מטה לוא עץ 16לכן ישלח האדון יהוה צבאות במשמניו רזון ותחת כבודו יקד יקוד כיקד אש 17והיה אור ישראל לאש וקדושו ללהבה ובערה ואכלה ש̣ית̣{{י}}ו ושמירו ביום אחד 18וכבוד יערו וכרמלו מנפש ועד בשר יכלה והיה כמסס נסס 19ושאר עץ יערו מספר יהיו ונער יכתבמ 20והיה ביום ההו̣א לוא יוסיף עוד שאר ישראל ופליטת בית יעקוב להשען על מכהו ונשען אל יהוה קדוש ישראל באמת 21שאר ישוב שאר יעקוב אל אל גבור
15Shall the axe boast itself against him that heweth therewith? or shall the saw magnify itself against him that shaketh it? as if the rod should shake itself against them that lift it up, or as if the staff should lift up itself, as if it were no wood. 16Therefore shall the Lord, the Lord of hosts, send among his fat ones leanness; and under his glory he shall kindle a burning like the burning of a fire. 17And the light of Israel shall be for a fire, and his Holy One for a flame: and it shall burn and devour his thorns and his briers in one day; 18And shall consume the glory of his forest, and of his fruitful field, both soul and body: and they shall be as when a standardbearer fainteth. 19And the rest of the trees of his forest shall be few, that a child may write them. 20And it shall come to pass in that day, that the remnant of Israel, and such as are escaped of the house of Jacob, shall no more again stay upon him that smote them; but shall stay upon the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, in truth. 21The remnant shall return, even the remnant of Jacob, unto the mighty God.
22כיא אמ יהיה עמך ישראל כחול הים שאר ישוב בו כליון חרוץ שוטף צדקה 23כי כלה ונחרצה אדוני יהוה צבאות עושה בקרב כול הארץ 24לכן כוה אמר אדוני יהוה צבאות אל תירא עמי יושב ציון מאשור משבט יככה ומטו ישא עליך בדרך מצ̣רים 25כי עוד מעט מזער וכלה זעמ ואפי על תבלותם 26ויעיר עליו יהוה צבאות שוט כמכת̣ מדין בצור עורב ומטהו על הים ונשאו בדרך מצרים 27והיה ביום ההוא יסור סבלו מעל שכמך וע̣ו̣לו מעל צוארך וחבל עול מפני שמן 28בא על עי⟨ת⟩ה עבר במגרון למכמש יפקוד כליו
22For though thy people Israel be as the sand of the sea, yet a remnant of them shall return: the consumption decreed shall overflow with righteousness. 23For the Lord GOD of hosts shall make a consumption, even determined, in the midst of all the land. 24Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD of hosts, O my people that dwellest in Zion, be not afraid of the Assyrian: he shall smite thee with a rod, and shall lift up his staff against thee, after the manner of Egypt. 25For yet a very little while, and the indignation shall cease, and mine anger in their destruction. 26And the LORD of hosts shall stir up a scourge for him according to the slaughter of Midian at the rock of Oreb: and as his rod was upon the sea, so shall he lift it up after the manner of Egypt. 27And it shall come to pass in that day, that his burden shall be taken away from off thy shoulder, and his yoke from off thy neck, and the yoke shall be destroyed because of the anointing. 28He is come to Aiath, he is passed to Migron; at Michmash he hath laid up his carriages:
29עבר במעברה גבע מלון לנו חרדה הרמה גבעת שאול נסה 30צהלי קולך בת גלים הקשיבי ליש עניה ענתות 31נדדה מרמנה יושבי ⟨ה⟩גבים העיזו 32עוד היום בנב לעמוד ינופ ידיו הר בת ציון גבעת ירושלים 33הנה האדון יהוה צבאות מסעפ פארה במערצה ורמי ⟨ה⟩קומה גדועים והגבהים ישפלו 34ונקף סבכ̣י היער בברזל והלבנון באדיר יפול
29They are gone over the passage: they have taken up their lodging at Geba; Ramah is afraid; Gibeah of Saul is fled. 30Lift up thy voice, O daughter of Gallim: cause it to be heard unto Laish, O poor Anathoth. 31Madmenah is removed; the inhabitants of Gebim gather themselves to flee. 32As yet shall he remain at Nob that day: he shall shake his hand against the mount of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem. 33Behold, the Lord, the LORD of hosts, shall lop the bough with terror: and the high ones of stature shall be hewn down, and the haughty shall be humbled. 34And he shall cut down the thickets of the forest with iron, and Lebanon shall fall by a mighty one.
Cite
Source & Cross-References
- Source text: Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsa-a: Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph (Wikimedia Commons, PD) + ETCBC dss transcription (Abegg; CC BY-NC 4.0) + KJV (bible-api.com) — view original
- Critical edition: ETCBC Dead Sea Scrolls transcription (Abegg data, CC BY-NC 4.0)
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