Isaiah, Chapter 24 (Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a)
Introduction
Isaiah 24 from the Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa), the complete copy of Isaiah found in Cave 1 at Qumran in 1947 and now in the Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Copied around 125 BCE, it is roughly a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex, the oldest complete Masoretic manuscript. This chapter stands in col. XVIII (18), col. XIX (19) of the scroll's 54 columns.
- Scan: each section is shown with the actual column of the scroll that carries it, cropped from the Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph of the whole scroll published on Wikimedia Commons (public domain). The column for every verse comes from the transcription itself, which records the column and line of each word.
- Hebrew: the scroll's own text, verbatim from the ETCBC dss Text-Fabric dataset (Jacobs, Naaijer and Roorda, from Martin G. Abegg Jr.'s transcription; CC BY-NC 4.0). This is not the Masoretic text: 1QIsaa uses a fuller spelling (for example לוא for לא, כיא for כי) and differs from the Masoretic text in a number of readings. No vowel points exist in the scroll and none are added. Marks: ⟨x⟩ letters the scribe added above the line, [x] modern reconstruction of text lost to damage, {{x}} letters cancelled by an ancient scribe, ⟪x⟫ an ancient correction, a dot under a letter (x̣) an uncertain reading, ···· four dots written in place of the divine name (Tetrapuncta).
- English: the King James Version (1611, public domain), verbatim from bible-api.com. The KJV translates the Masoretic text, so where the scroll reads differently the English will not match the Hebrew shown; the scroll's reading can be checked on the column image.
How was this verified? (Provenance)
1הנה יהוה בוקק האדמה ובולקה ועוה פניה והפיץ יושביה 2והיה כעם ככוהן כעבד כאדוניו כשפחה כגברתה כקונה כמוכר כמלוה כלוה כנ⟨ו⟩שה כאשר נשא בו 3הבוק תבוק הארץ ו̣הבוז תבוז כי יהוה דבר את הדבר הזה 4אבלה נבלה האר̣ץ אמללה נבלה תבל אמלל מרום ⟨עמ⟩ הארץ 5והארץ חנפה תחת יושביה כי עברו תורות חלפו חוק הפירו ברית עולם 6על כן אלה אכלה וישמו יושבי בה עלכן חורו יושבי ארץ ונשאר אנוש מזער 7אבל תירוש אמללה גפן נאנחו כול שמחי לב 8שבת משוש תפים חדל שאון עליזים שבת משוש כנור
1Behold, the LORD maketh the earth empty, and maketh it waste, and turneth it upside down, and scattereth abroad the inhabitants thereof. 2And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest; as with the servant, so with his master; as with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the lender, so with the borrower; as with the taker of usury, so with the giver of usury to him. 3The land shall be utterly emptied, and utterly spoiled: for the LORD hath spoken this word. 4The earth mourneth and fadeth away, the world languisheth and fadeth away, the haughty people of the earth do languish. 5The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws, changed the ordinance, broken the everlasting covenant. 6Therefore hath the curse devoured the earth, and they that dwell therein are desolate: therefore the inhabitants of the earth are burned, and few men left. 7The new wine mourneth, the vine languisheth, all the merryhearted do sigh. 8The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth.
9בשיר לוא ישתו יין וימר שכר לשותיו 10נשברה קרית תהו סגר כול בית מבוא 11צוחה על היין בחוצות ערבה כול שמחה גלה משוש הארץ 12נשאר בעיר שמה ושאיה יוכת שער 13כי כה יהיה בקרב הארץ בתוך העמים כנקף זית כעוללת אמ כלה בציר 14המה ישאו קולם ירונו בגאון יהוה צהלו מים 15על כן בארים כבדו יהוה באיי הים שמ יהוה אלוהי ישראל 16מכנף הארץ זמרת שמענו צבי לצדיק ואמר רזי לי רזי לי אוי לי בוגדים בגדו ובגד בוגדים בגדו
9They shall not drink wine with a song; strong drink shall be bitter to them that drink it. 10The city of confusion is broken down: every house is shut up, that no man may come in. 11There is a crying for wine in the streets; all joy is darkened, the mirth of the land is gone. 12In the city is left desolation, and the gate is smitten with destruction. 13When thus it shall be in the midst of the land among the people, there shall be as the shaking of an olive tree, and as the gleaning grapes when the vintage is done. 14They shall lift up their voice, they shall sing for the majesty of the LORD, they shall cry aloud from the sea. 15Wherefore glorify ye the LORD in the fires, even the name of the LORD God of Israel in the isles of the sea. 16From the uttermost part of the earth have we heard songs, even glory to the righteous. But I said, My leanness, my leanness, woe unto me! the treacherous dealers have dealt treacherously; yea, the treacherous dealers have dealt very treacherously.
17פחד ופחת ופח עליך יושב הארץ 18והיה הנס מקול הפחד יפול אל הפחת והעולה מתוך הפחת ילכד בפח כי ארבות ממרום נפתחו וירעשו מוסדי ארץ 19ר̣ע̣ה התרועעה הארץ פור התפוררה ארץ מוט התמוטטה ארץ 20נ⟨ו⟩ע תנוע הארץ כשכור והתנודדא וכמלונה וכבד עליה פשעה ונפל ולוא ת⟨ו⟩סיף קום 21והיה ביום ההוא יפקוד יהוה על צבא המרום במרום ועל מלכי האדמה על האדמה 22אספו אספה על בור וסגרו על מסגר ומרוב ימים יפקדו 23וחפרה הלבנה ובושה החמה כי מלך יהוה צבאות בהר ציון ובירושלם ונגד זקניו כבוד
17Fear, and the pit, and the snare, are upon thee, O inhabitant of the earth. 18And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the snare: for the windows from on high are open, and the foundations of the earth do shake. 19The earth is utterly broken down, the earth is clean dissolved, the earth is moved exceedingly. 20The earth shall reel to and fro like a drunkard, and shall be removed like a cottage; and the transgression thereof shall be heavy upon it; and it shall fall, and not rise again. 21And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall punish the host of the high ones that are on high, and the kings of the earth upon the earth. 22And they shall be gathered together, as prisoners are gathered in the pit, and shall be shut up in the prison, and after many days shall they be visited. 23Then the moon shall be confounded, and the sun ashamed, when the LORD of hosts shall reign in mount Zion, and in Jerusalem, and before his ancients gloriously.
Cite
Source & Cross-References
- Source text: Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsa-a: Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph (Wikimedia Commons, PD) + ETCBC dss transcription (Abegg; CC BY-NC 4.0) + KJV (bible-api.com) — view original
- Critical edition: ETCBC Dead Sea Scrolls transcription (Abegg data, CC BY-NC 4.0)
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