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Isaiah, Chapter 51 (Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a)

Isaiah, Chapter 51 (Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a)
Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a (c. 125 BCE, Israel Museum),
Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsa-a: Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph (Wikimedia Commons, PD) + ETCBC dss transcription (Abegg; CC BY-NC 4.0) + KJV (bible-api.com) · ETCBC Dead Sea Scrolls transcription (Abegg data, CC BY-NC 4.0)

Introduction

Isaiah 51 from the Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa), the complete copy of Isaiah found in Cave 1 at Qumran in 1947 and now in the Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Copied around 125 BCE, it is roughly a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex, the oldest complete Masoretic manuscript. This chapter stands in col. XLII (42), col. XLIII (43) of the scroll's 54 columns.

  1. Scan: each section is shown with the actual column of the scroll that carries it, cropped from the Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph of the whole scroll published on Wikimedia Commons (public domain). The column for every verse comes from the transcription itself, which records the column and line of each word.
  2. Hebrew: the scroll's own text, verbatim from the ETCBC dss Text-Fabric dataset (Jacobs, Naaijer and Roorda, from Martin G. Abegg Jr.'s transcription; CC BY-NC 4.0). This is not the Masoretic text: 1QIsaa uses a fuller spelling (for example לוא for לא, כיא for כי) and differs from the Masoretic text in a number of readings. No vowel points exist in the scroll and none are added. Marks: ⟨x⟩ letters the scribe added above the line, [x] modern reconstruction of text lost to damage, {{x}} letters cancelled by an ancient scribe, ⟪x⟫ an ancient correction, a dot under a letter (x̣) an uncertain reading, ···· four dots written in place of the divine name (Tetrapuncta).
  3. English: the King James Version (1611, public domain), verbatim from bible-api.com. The KJV translates the Masoretic text, so where the scroll reads differently the English will not match the Hebrew shown; the scroll's reading can be checked on the column image.
How was this verified? (Provenance)
Manuscript: Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a (c. 125 BCE, Israel Museum) — page scan from Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsa-a: Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph (Wikimedia Commons, PD) + ETCBC dss transcription (Abegg; CC BY-NC 4.0) + KJV (bible-api.com).
Original text: ETCBC Dead Sea Scrolls transcription (Abegg data, CC BY-NC 4.0) (public domain).
English translation: King James Version (1611) (public domain).
Verify: The scan image is the physical evidence. The original-language text is verifiable against the scan. The English translation is checkable against the original. Click any Greek, Hebrew, or Latin word for morphological analysis.
Challenge: Submit a correction to contact@theosislibrary.com.
Hebrew (1QIsa-a transcription) / English (KJV) original and English translation, with manuscript scans.
§51.1-8 · Isaiah 51:1-8 (1QIsa-a col. XLII lines 14-23)
Manuscript
Scan 1qisaa/1qisaa-col-42.jpg
Hebrew · 1QIsa-a transcription

1שמעו אלי רודפי צדק מבקשי יהוה הביטו אל צור חצבתמה ואל מקבת בור נקרתמה 2הביטו אל אברהם אביכמה ואל שר̣ה תחוללכםה כיא אחד קרתיהו ואפרהו וארבהו 3כיא נחם יהוה ציון נחם כול חרבות̣יה וישמ מדברה כעדן וערבתה כגן יהוה ששון ושמחה ימצאו בה תודה וקול זמרה נס יגון ואנחה 4אקשיבו אלי עמי ולא⟨ו⟩מי אלי האזינו̣ כיא תורה מאתי תצא ומשפטי לאור עמים ארגיע 5קרוב צדקי יצא ישעי וזרועו עמים ישפוטו אליו איים יקוו ואל זרועו יוחילון 6שאו שמים עיניכמה והביטו אל הארץ מתחתה וראו מי ברא את אלה ויושביה כמו כן ימותון וישועתי ⟨ל⟩עולם תהיה וצדקתי לוא תחת 7שמעו אלי יודעי צדק עמ תורתי בלבם אל תיראו חרפת אנוש ומ⟨מ⟩גדפותם אל תחתו 8כיא כבגד יו̣אכולם עש וכצמר יאכלם סס וצדקתי לעולם תהיה וישועתי לדור דורים

English · King James Version (1611)

1Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the LORD: look unto the rock whence ye are hewn, and to the hole of the pit whence ye are digged. 2Look unto Abraham your father, and unto Sarah that bare you: for I called him alone, and blessed him, and increased him. 3For the LORD shall comfort Zion: he will comfort all her waste places; and he will make her wilderness like Eden, and her desert like the garden of the LORD; joy and gladness shall be found therein, thanksgiving, and the voice of melody. 4Hearken unto me, my people; and give ear unto me, O my nation: for a law shall proceed from me, and I will make my judgment to rest for a light of the people. 5My righteousness is near; my salvation is gone forth, and mine arms shall judge the people; the isles shall wait upon me, and on mine arm shall they trust. 6Lift up your eyes to the heavens, and look upon the earth beneath: for the heavens shall vanish away like smoke, and the earth shall wax old like a garment, and they that dwell therein shall die in like manner: but my salvation shall be for ever, and my righteousness shall not be abolished. 7Hearken unto me, ye that know righteousness, the people in whose heart is my law; fear ye not the reproach of men, neither be ye afraid of their revilings. 8For the moth shall eat them up like a garment, and the worm shall eat them like wool: but my righteousness shall be for ever, and my salvation from generation to generation.

§51.9-16 · Isaiah 51:9-16 (1QIsa-a col. XLII lines 24-29; col. XLIII lines 0-4)
Manuscript
Scan 1qisaa/1qisaa-col-42.jpg Scan 1qisaa/1qisaa-col-43.jpg
Hebrew · 1QIsa-a transcription

9עורי עורי לבשי עוז זרוע יהוה עורי כימי קדם דורות עולמים הלוא אתי היאה המוחצת רחוב מחללת תנים 10הלוא אתי היאה המחרבת ים מי תהום רבא השמה במעמקי ים דרך לעבור גאולים 11{{ופול̣}} ופזורי יהוה ישובו ובאו ציון ברונה ושמחת עולם על רואשיהמה ששון ושמחה ישיגו ונס יגון ואנחה 12אנוכי אנוכי הואה מנחמכמה מי אתי ותיראי מאנוש ימות ומבן אדם חציר נתן 13ותשכחי את יהוה עשכה נוטה שמים ויסד̣ ארץ ותפחד תמיד כול היום {{מ}}מפני חמת המציק כאשר כונן להשחית ואיה חמת המציק 14מהר צרה להפתח ולוא ימות לשחת ולוא יחסר לחמו 15אנוכי יהוה אלוהיכה רוגע הים ויהמו גליו יהוה צבאות שמו 16אשים דברי בפיכה ובצל ידי כסיתיכה לנטוע שמים וליסד ארץ ולאמור לציון עמיא אתה

English · King James Version (1611)

9Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the LORD; awake, as in the ancient days, in the generations of old. Art thou not it that hath cut Rahab, and wounded the dragon? 10Art thou not it which hath dried the sea, the waters of the great deep; that hath made the depths of the sea a way for the ransomed to pass over? 11Therefore the redeemed of the LORD shall return, and come with singing unto Zion; and everlasting joy shall be upon their head: they shall obtain gladness and joy; and sorrow and mourning shall flee away. 12I, even I, am he that comforteth you: who art thou, that thou shouldest be afraid of a man that shall die, and of the son of man which shall be made as grass; 13And forgettest the LORD thy maker, that hath stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundations of the earth; and hast feared continually every day because of the fury of the oppressor, as if he were ready to destroy? and where is the fury of the oppressor? 14The captive exile hasteneth that he may be loosed, and that he should not die in the pit, nor that his bread should fail. 15But I am the LORD thy God, that divided the sea, whose waves roared: The LORD of hosts is his name. 16And I have put my words in thy mouth, and I have covered thee in the shadow of mine hand, that I may plant the heavens, and lay the foundations of the earth, and say unto Zion, Thou art my people.

§51.17-23 · Isaiah 51:17-23 (1QIsa-a col. XLIII lines 5-13)
Manuscript
Scan 1qisaa/1qisaa-col-43.jpg
Hebrew · 1QIsa-a transcription

17התעוררי התעוררי קומי ירושלים אשר שתיתי מיד יהוה את כוס חמתו את קובעת כוס התרעלה שתיתי מצית 18אין מנחל לך מכול בנים ילדה ואין מחזיק בידה מכול בנים גדלה 19שתים המה קראתכי מי ינוד לכי השד והשבר והרעב ו⟨ה⟩חרב מי ינחמך 20בניך עולפו שוכבו בראוש כול חוצות כתו מ⟨ו⟩כמר המלאים חמת יהוה גערת אלוהיך 21לכן שמעי נא זואת עניה שכורת ולוא מיין 22כוה אמר אדוניך יהוה אלוהיך יריב עמוא הנה̣ לקחתי מידך את כוס התרעלה את קובעת כוס חמתי לוא תוסיפי לשתותו עוד 23ושמתיהו ביד מוגיך ומעניך אשר אמרו לנפשכי שוחי ונעבורה ותשיםי כארץ גוך וכחוץ לעוברים

English · King James Version (1611)

17Awake, awake, stand up, O Jerusalem, which hast drunk at the hand of the LORD the cup of his fury; thou hast drunken the dregs of the cup of trembling, and wrung them out. 18There is none to guide her among all the sons whom she hath brought forth; neither is there any that taketh her by the hand of all the sons that she hath brought up. 19These two things are come unto thee; who shall be sorry for thee? desolation, and destruction, and the famine, and the sword: by whom shall I comfort thee? 20Thy sons have fainted, they lie at the head of all the streets, as a wild bull in a net: they are full of the fury of the LORD, the rebuke of thy God. 21Therefore hear now this, thou afflicted, and drunken, but not with wine: 22Thus saith thy Lord the LORD, and thy God that pleadeth the cause of his people, Behold, I have taken out of thine hand the cup of trembling, even the dregs of the cup of my fury; thou shalt no more drink it again: 23But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; which have said to thy soul, Bow down, that we may go over: and thou hast laid thy body as the ground, and as the street, to them that went over.

Cite

Source & Cross-References

  • Source text: Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsa-a: Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph (Wikimedia Commons, PD) + ETCBC dss transcription (Abegg; CC BY-NC 4.0) + KJV (bible-api.com) — view original
  • Critical edition: ETCBC Dead Sea Scrolls transcription (Abegg data, CC BY-NC 4.0)

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