Christian

Isaiah, Chapter 13 (Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a)

Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a (c. 125 BCE, Israel Museum),

Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsa-a: Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph (Wikimedia Commons, PD) + ETCBC dss transcription (Abegg; CC BY-NC 4.0) + KJV (bible-api.com) · ETCBC Dead Sea Scrolls transcription (Abegg data, CC BY-NC 4.0)

Introduction

Isaiah 13 from the Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsa^a), the complete copy of Isaiah found in Cave 1 at Qumran in 1947 and now in the Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Copied around 125 BCE, it is roughly a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex, the oldest complete Masoretic manuscript. This chapter stands in col. XI (11) of the scroll's 54 columns.

Scan: each section is shown with the actual column of the scroll that carries it, cropped from the Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph of the whole scroll published on Wikimedia Commons (public domain). The column for every verse comes from the transcription itself, which records the column and line of each word.
Hebrew: the scroll's own text, verbatim from the ETCBC dss Text-Fabric dataset (Jacobs, Naaijer and Roorda, from Martin G. Abegg Jr.'s transcription; CC BY-NC 4.0). This is not the Masoretic text: 1QIsa^a uses a fuller spelling (for example לוא for לא, כיא for כי) and differs from the Masoretic text in a number of readings. No vowel points exist in the scroll and none are added. Marks: ⟨x⟩ letters the scribe added above the line, [x] modern reconstruction of text lost to damage, {{x}} letters cancelled by an ancient scribe, ⟪x⟫ an ancient correction, a dot under a letter (x̣) an uncertain reading, ···· four dots written in place of the divine name (Tetrapuncta).
English: the King James Version (1611, public domain), verbatim from bible-api.com. The KJV translates the Masoretic text, so where the scroll reads differently the English will not match the Hebrew shown; the scroll's reading can be checked on the column image.

How was this verified? (Provenance)

Manuscript: Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a (c. 125 BCE, Israel Museum) — page scan from Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsa-a: Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph (Wikimedia Commons, PD) + ETCBC dss transcription (Abegg; CC BY-NC 4.0) + KJV (bible-api.com).

Original text: ETCBC Dead Sea Scrolls transcription (Abegg data, CC BY-NC 4.0) (public domain).

English translation: King James Version (1611) (public domain).

Verify: The scan image is the physical evidence. The original-language text is verifiable against the scan. The English translation is checkable against the original. Click any Greek, Hebrew, or Latin word for morphological analysis.

Challenge: Submit a correction to contact@theosislibrary.com.

Hebrew (1QIsa-a transcription) / English (KJV) original and English translation, with manuscript scans.

§13.1-8 · Isaiah 13:1-8 (1QIsa-a col. XI lines 12-17)

Manuscript

Hebrew · 1QIsa-a transcription

¹משא בבל אשר חוזה ישעיה בן אמוץ ²על הר נשפה שאו נס הרימו קול להם הניפו יד יבוא פתחי נדיבים ³אני צויתי למקדשי גמ קראתי גבורי לאפי עליזי ג̣אותי ⁴קול המון בהרים דמות עמ̣ רב קול שאון ממלכות גואים נספים יהוה צבאות מפקד צבא מלחמה ⁵באים מארץ מרחק מקצה השמים יהוה וכלי זעמו לחבל כל הארץ ⁶הילילו כי קרוב יום יהוה כשד משדי יבוא ⁷על כן כול ידין תר̣פינה̣ וכל לבב אנוש ימס ⁸ונבהלו צירים וחבלים יאחזון כיולדה יחילון איש אל רעהו יתמהו ופני להבים פניהם

English · King James Version (1611)

¹The burden of Babylon, which Isaiah the son of Amoz did see. ²Lift ye up a banner upon the high mountain, exalt the voice unto them, shake the hand, that they may go into the gates of the nobles. ³I have commanded my sanctified ones, I have also called my mighty ones for mine anger, even them that rejoice in my highness. ⁴The noise of a multitude in the mountains, like as of a great people; a tumultuous noise of the kingdoms of nations gathered together: the LORD of hosts mustereth the host of the battle. ⁵They come from a far country, from the end of heaven, even the LORD, and the weapons of his indignation, to destroy the whole land. ⁶Howl ye; for the day of the LORD is at hand; it shall come as a destruction from the Almighty. ⁷Therefore shall all hands be faint, and every man’s heart shall melt: ⁸And they shall be afraid: pangs and sorrows shall take hold of them; they shall be in pain as a woman that travaileth: they shall be amazed one at another; their faces shall be as flames.

§13.9-15 · Isaiah 13:9-15 (1QIsa-a col. XI lines 17-23)

Manuscript

Hebrew · 1QIsa-a transcription

⁹הנה יום יהוה בא אגזרי ועברה וחרון אפ לשום ארצ לשמה וחטאים ישמיד ממנה ¹⁰כי כוכבי השמים וכס̣ליהם לוא יאירו אורם חשכ השמש בצאתו וירח לוא יגיה או̣רו ¹¹ופקדתי על תבל רעה ועל רשעים עוונם והשבתי גאון זדים וגאות עריצים אשפיל ¹²אוקר אנוש מפז ואדם מכתם אופיר ¹³ע̣ל כן שמים ארגיז ותרעש הארצ ממקומה בעברת יהוה צבאות וביום חרון אפו ¹⁴והיו כ̣צבי מדח וכצאון ואין מקבץ איש אל עמו יפנו ואיש אל ארצו ינוסו ¹⁵כול הנמצא יד̣ק̣ר וכול הנספה יפול בחרב

English · King James Version (1611)

⁹Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, cruel both with wrath and fierce anger, to lay the land desolate: and he shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it. ¹⁰For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine. ¹¹And I will punish the world for their evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; and I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, and will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible. ¹²I will make a man more precious than fine gold; even a man than the golden wedge of Ophir. ¹³Therefore I will shake the heavens, and the earth shall remove out of her place, in the wrath of the LORD of hosts, and in the day of his fierce anger. ¹⁴And it shall be as the chased roe, and as a sheep that no man taketh up: they shall every man turn to his own people, and flee every one into his own land. ¹⁵Every one that is found shall be thrust through; and every one that is joined unto them shall fall by the sword.

§13.16-22 · Isaiah 13:16-22 (1QIsa-a col. XI lines 23-30)

Manuscript

Hebrew · 1QIsa-a transcription

¹⁶ועילוליהמה ירוטשו לעיניה̣ם ו̣ישסו בתיהם ונשיה̣מה ת̣ש̣כ̣בנה ¹⁷הנני מעיר עליהם את מד̣י א̣שר̣ כספ לוא יחשוב וזהב לוא יחפצו בו ¹⁸וקשתות נערים תרטשנה ועל פרי בטן לוא ירחמו ועל בנים לוא תחוס עינם ¹⁹והיתה בבל צבי ממלכת תפראת גאון כשדיים כמא̣פ̣כ̣ת אלוהים את סודם ואת עומרה ²⁰לוא תשב לנצח ולוא תשכון עד דור ודור ו̣לוא יהל̣ שמה ערבי ורועים לוא ירב⟨י⟩צו שם ²¹ורבצו שמ ציים ומלאו בתיהם אחים ושכנו ש̣מה בנות יענה ושעירים ירקדו שם ²²וענה א⟨י⟩ם באלמנותו ותנים בהיכלו ענוגו קרוב לבוא עתה וימיה לוא ימשכו עוד

English · King James Version (1611)

¹⁶Their children also shall be dashed to pieces before their eyes; their houses shall be spoiled, and their wives ravished. ¹⁷Behold, I will stir up the Medes against them, which shall not regard silver; and as for gold, they shall not delight in it. ¹⁸Their bows also shall dash the young men to pieces; and they shall have no pity on the fruit of the womb; their eye shall not spare children. ¹⁹And Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldees’ excellency, shall be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah. ²⁰It shall never be inhabited, neither shall it be dwelt in from generation to generation: neither shall the Arabian pitch tent there; neither shall the shepherds make their fold there. ²¹But wild beasts of the desert shall lie there; and their houses shall be full of doleful creatures; and owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there. ²²And the wild beasts of the islands shall cry in their desolate houses, and dragons in their pleasant palaces: and her time is near to come, and her days shall not be prolonged.

Cite

Source & Cross-References

Source text: Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsa-a: Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph (Wikimedia Commons, PD) + ETCBC dss transcription (Abegg; CC BY-NC 4.0) + KJV (bible-api.com) — view original
Critical edition: ETCBC Dead Sea Scrolls transcription (Abegg data, CC BY-NC 4.0)

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