Christian

Isaiah, Chapter 31 (Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a)

Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a (c. 125 BCE, Israel Museum),

Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsa-a: Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph (Wikimedia Commons, PD) + ETCBC dss transcription (Abegg; CC BY-NC 4.0) + KJV (bible-api.com) · ETCBC Dead Sea Scrolls transcription (Abegg data, CC BY-NC 4.0)

Introduction

Isaiah 31 from the Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsa^a), the complete copy of Isaiah found in Cave 1 at Qumran in 1947 and now in the Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Copied around 125 BCE, it is roughly a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex, the oldest complete Masoretic manuscript. This chapter stands in col. XXV (25), col. XXVI (26) of the scroll's 54 columns.

Scan: each section is shown with the actual column of the scroll that carries it, cropped from the Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph of the whole scroll published on Wikimedia Commons (public domain). The column for every verse comes from the transcription itself, which records the column and line of each word.
Hebrew: the scroll's own text, verbatim from the ETCBC dss Text-Fabric dataset (Jacobs, Naaijer and Roorda, from Martin G. Abegg Jr.'s transcription; CC BY-NC 4.0). This is not the Masoretic text: 1QIsa^a uses a fuller spelling (for example לוא for לא, כיא for כי) and differs from the Masoretic text in a number of readings. No vowel points exist in the scroll and none are added. Marks: ⟨x⟩ letters the scribe added above the line, [x] modern reconstruction of text lost to damage, {{x}} letters cancelled by an ancient scribe, ⟪x⟫ an ancient correction, a dot under a letter (x̣) an uncertain reading, ···· four dots written in place of the divine name (Tetrapuncta).
English: the King James Version (1611, public domain), verbatim from bible-api.com. The KJV translates the Masoretic text, so where the scroll reads differently the English will not match the Hebrew shown; the scroll's reading can be checked on the column image.

How was this verified? (Provenance)

Manuscript: Great Isaiah Scroll, 1QIsa-a (c. 125 BCE, Israel Museum) — page scan from Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsa-a: Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph (Wikimedia Commons, PD) + ETCBC dss transcription (Abegg; CC BY-NC 4.0) + KJV (bible-api.com).

Original text: ETCBC Dead Sea Scrolls transcription (Abegg data, CC BY-NC 4.0) (public domain).

English translation: King James Version (1611) (public domain).

Verify: The scan image is the physical evidence. The original-language text is verifiable against the scan. The English translation is checkable against the original. Click any Greek, Hebrew, or Latin word for morphological analysis.

Challenge: Submit a correction to contact@theosislibrary.com.

Hebrew (1QIsa-a transcription) / English (KJV) original and English translation, with manuscript scans.

§31.1-9 · Isaiah 31:1-9 (1QIsa-a col. XXV lines 23-31; col. XXVI lines 1-8)

Manuscript

Hebrew · 1QIsa-a transcription

¹הוי היורדים למצרים לעזרה על סוסים ישענו ויבטחו על הרכב כי רב ועל פרשים כי עצמו מאדה ולוא שעו אל קדוש ישראל ואת יהוה לוא דרשו ²וגמ הוא חכם ויביא רע ואת דבריו לוא הסיר וקם על בית מרעים ועל עזרת פועלי און ³ומצרים אדם ולוא אל וסוסיהמה בשר ולוא {{א}}ריה̣ ויהוה יטה ידו וכשל עוזר ונפל עזר יחדו כולם יכלי⟨ו̣⟩ן ⁴כי כה אמר יהוה אלי כאשר יהגה ⟨ה⟩אריה והכפיר על טרפיו אשר יקרא אליו מלאו ר⟨ו⟩עים מקולם לוא יחת ומהמונם לוא {{יחת}} יענה כן ירד יהוה צבאות לצבא על הר ציון ועל גבעתה ⁵כצפורים עפות כן יגן יהוה צבאות על ירושלם גנון והציל ופסח והפליט ⁶שוביו לאשר לאשר העמיקו סרה בני ישראל ⁷כי ביום ההוא ימאס̣ון איש אלילי כספו ואלילי זהבו אשר עשו לכמ ידיכם חטא{{ה}} ⁸ונפל אשור בחרב לוא איש וחרב לוא⟨א⟩דמ תאכולנו ונס ולוא מפני חרב ובחוריו למס יהיו ⁹וסלעו ממגור יעבור וחתו מנוס שריו נואם יהוה אשר אור לו בציון ותנור לו בירושלם

English · King James Version (1611)

¹Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help; and stay on horses, and trust in chariots, because they are many; and in horsemen, because they are very strong; but they look not unto the Holy One of Israel, neither seek the LORD! ²Yet he also is wise, and will bring evil, and will not call back his words: but will arise against the house of the evildoers, and against the help of them that work iniquity. ³Now the Egyptians are men, and not God; and their horses flesh, and not spirit. When the LORD shall stretch out his hand, both he that helpeth shall fall, and he that is holpen shall fall down, and they all shall fail together. ⁴For thus hath the LORD spoken unto me, Like as the lion and the young lion roaring on his prey, when a multitude of shepherds is called forth against him, he will not be afraid of their voice, nor abase himself for the noise of them: so shall the LORD of hosts come down to fight for mount Zion, and for the hill thereof. ⁵As birds flying, so will the LORD of hosts defend Jerusalem; defending also he will deliver it; and passing over he will preserve it. ⁶Turn ye unto him from whom the children of Israel have deeply revolted. ⁷For in that day every man shall cast away his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which your own hands have made unto you for a sin. ⁸Then shall the Assyrian fall with the sword, not of a mighty man; and the sword, not of a mean man, shall devour him: but he shall flee from the sword, and his young men shall be discomfited. ⁹And he shall pass over to his strong hold for fear, and his princes shall be afraid of the ensign, saith the LORD, whose fire is in Zion, and his furnace in Jerusalem.

Cite

Source & Cross-References

Source text: Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsa-a: Israel Museum / Google Art Project photograph (Wikimedia Commons, PD) + ETCBC dss transcription (Abegg; CC BY-NC 4.0) + KJV (bible-api.com) — view original
Critical edition: ETCBC Dead Sea Scrolls transcription (Abegg data, CC BY-NC 4.0)

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